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Origins of Place Names
Virtually all of the place names decided on up to around the 14th Century were due to the environment of the area. For example, Doncaster would probably have originated as a Roman fort on a hill, from the Roman 'Caster' and Celtic 'Don'.
Roman | Celtic | Saxon | Viking
Roman Terms: 50BC - 410 AD
Caster: Fort; Camp; Later town
Cester: Fort; Camp; Later town
Chester: Fort; Camp; Later town
Fos (s): Ditch
Port: Harbour; Gate
Street: Paved way
Celtic Terms: 800BC - 400 AD
Aber: River mouth or ford
Afon: River
Allt: Hillside
Avon; Esk; Eye; Dee: River
Bedd: Grave
Bre-; Drum; Don: Hill
Caer: Fortress
Capel: Chapel
Carnedd: Cairn
Castell: Castle
Coed: Wood
Cwm: Valley
Dinas: City
Glan: River Bank
Hamps: Dry stream in Summer
Llan: Church
Llyn: Lake
Mawr: Big
Môr: Sea
Mynydd: Mountain
Os: God
Pant: Hollow
Pen; Bryn: Hill; Head
Plas: Palace
Pont; Bont: Bridge
Porth: Harbour
Tre: Hamlet; Village; Town
Treath: Beach
Ynys: Island
Saxon Terms: 350AD - 1000AD
Bourne: Stream
Burn: Stream
Burg: Large village
Bury: Fortified place
Croft: Small enclosure
Cot: Small hut
Delph: Ditch, dyke or stream
Den(n): Pig pasture
Eg; Ey; Ea; Eig: Island
Fall: Area cleared of trees
Fen: Fen
Field: Field
Ford: Shallow river crossing
Halh: Remote recess/nook/valley (modern -hall)
Ham: Village
Hay/Hey: Animal feeding stalls
Hurst: Wood
Ing: People
Lake: Lake
Ley; Lea: Clearing
Mere/Mer/Mar: Pool
Moor: Moor
Moss: Swamp
Ney: Island
Riding; Rod: Cleared land
Stead: place
Stoc: Summer pasture
Stoke: 'Daughter' settlement
Stow: Holy Place
Ton; Tun: House; Farm
Weald; Wold; High Woodland
Wic; Wike: Farm; Group of huts
Wood: Wood
Worth: Fenced land
Worthy: Enclosed land
Viking Terms: 750AD - 1100AD
Akr: Acre
Beck: Stream
Booth: Summer pasture
By: Farm; Village
Ey: Island
Fell; How: Hill or mound
Fiord: Fiord
Fiskr: Fish
Gardr: Yard; landing place
Garth: Enclosure
Gate: Road
Geit: Goat
Gill: Ravine or valley
Holm(r): Island
Hus: House
Ings: Marsh; meadow
Kald: Cold
Kelda: Spring, stream
Kirk: Church
Laithe: Barn
Lin: Flax
Lund: Grove
Melr: Sandbank
Orme: Serpent
Pollr: Pool
Skar: Cleft
Sker: Rock
Slack: Stream in a valley
Stakkr: Rock in the sea
Stan: Stone
Stokkr: Sound
Tarn: Lake
Thorp: Daughter settlement
Thwaite: Forest clearing; meadow
Toft: Homestead
Wath: Ford
Wray: Remote place
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